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Make sure your power rails are properly connectconnected. Supply power to the left-hand side does NOT power up the right-hand side. Break lines indicates indicate discontinuity.
Take the lab sessions as a chance to get familiar with your breadboard, due to various reasons, they might have internal breaks along rails where suppose to be connected. Test out your breadboard as much as possible, so that you can avoid these break points breakpoints during projectpthe roject.
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Capacitor polarity
Two types of capacitors are provideprovided: polarised and non-polarised.
When connecting a non-polarised capacitor, you do not need to worry about the direction.
For polarised capacitorcapacitors, negative lead leads usually came in with a shorter leg, while the positive lead with a longer leg. On the packaging, look for the negative symbol ( - )on a coloured colored band, it also indicates this leg is the negative lead. When connecting, the simple rule is: positive to positive, negative to negative (e.g., + to input, - to GND).
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Always check for OpAmp's pinout and look for the right package.
Most of the OpAmp chips contains contain 2 OpAmps each, but there are some chips come with 1 single OpAmp.
Check carefully before connect connecting the OpAmps as well as power supplies. Position 1 is usually marked with a dot, while the trench on the chip corresponding corresponds to the semi-circle trench on the plot.
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When characterizing your filter circuit with an AD2 bode plot, think carefully what's the expected gain and adjust the signal amplitude feed into your circuit accordingly.
The power supply to the OpAmps are is +5V and -5V, if the amplified signal magnitude is over +5V, the saturated part will be capped off, and you will notice a warning message at the top left corner:
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