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Serial Communication

Serial communication is used to transfer data between two devices.
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Data passes between the computer and Arduino through the USB cable. Data is transmitted as zeros (‘0’) and ones (‘1’) sequentially.

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For this reason, we typically do not use Digital I/O 0 or 1 for anything in our designs.

Using Serial

Arduino IDE	Tinkercad

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Sending a Message

void setup()
{
 

 // initialize serial to a baud rate of 9600.
 

 // Ensure that the same baud rate is set in the serial monitor.

  Serial.begin(9600);
}

 
void loop ()
{

  Serial.print("Hands on ") ;
 

 // does not insert a newline at the end;
 

 // next message continues on the same line

  Serial.print("Learning ") ;
 

 // does not insert a newline at the end;
 

 // next message continues on the same line
 

 Serial.println("is Fun!!!") ;
 

 // inserts a newline at the end;
 

 // next message is printed on a new line
}

If you see strange-looking characters in the serial monitor, your bit / baud rate set in the Serial Monitor most likely does not match the one used in your Arduino sketch.

analogRead() Serial Example

Printing to Serial console is a very effective mechanism in debugging your code. You can print out the values of variables at different points in your code, which can then be compared with the expected values. This might be of help in identifying logical issues with your code.

It is also useful in monitoring the readings from various sensors so that you can decide on the thresholds etc, i.e., to fine-tune your design / code. The following example prints out the reading obtained from the analog sensor connected to pin A0 (for example, an LDR connected to pin A0 as is the case in the Analog Input page).

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
 
void loop()
{
  Serial.println(analogRead(A0));
  delay(500);
  

// Read and print the value 2 times in a second.
}